Supporting material for the paper:

Artificial Pheromones for Resource Selection

in a Swarm of Robots

by Alexandre Campo, Álvaro Gutiérrez, Carlo Pinciroli, Shervin Nouyan , Valentin Longchamp, Simon Garnier, Jean-Louis Deneubourg, and Marco Dorigo

September 2008



Submitted to ICRA 2009

Table of Contents
  1. Modelled collisions
  2. Non-modelled collisions
  3. Real Experiments Movies
  4. Additional pictures
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Modelled collisions :

The following type of collisions is modelled both in the simulations and the analytical model.

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
1. Two virtual ants are emitted from each resource R1 and R2

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
2. A virtual ant is already going through the junction of the two path. The second virtual ant will crash into the first one.

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
3. The virtual ant that crashed has disappeared, while the first one has succesfully made it's way to the central place.



Non-modelled collisions :

The following type of collisions is not modelled in the simulations nor in the analytical model. This creates the difference observed between real experiments and the results of the two models.Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
1. Two virtual ants are travelling along the same chain of robots in opposite directions.

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
2. The two virtual ants are face to face. In reality there is a probability that one of the two virtual ant vanish because exactly during the tranmission of the infrared signal of the other virtual ant. This phenomenon was not implemented in the models but is shown to favour the selection of the closest resource because this type of collision is more likely to occur on a long path.

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
3. The models assume that the virtual ants manage to coexist during a short time. This is also implemented on the real robots, but there remains a probability that the virtual ants do not cross, but rather collide.

Modelled collisions. Step 1 : two virtual ants are emitted from R1 and R2
4. If the virtual ants managed to go through each other, they continue moving along the path.



Real Experiments Movies:

Movies of a real experiment with resources equally distant Movies of a real experiment with resources equally distant
Resources at equal distances
Full length (10mins, 19MB)
Accelerated x20 (30s, 2MB)
Resources at different distances
Full length (10mins, 19MB)
Accelerated x20 (30s, 2MB)


Additional pictures :

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